HISTORY OF PAINTING

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EGYPT ART

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                

 

 

                                  MESOPOTAMIAN                                              GREEK                                                                 ROMAN

 

 

 

Studying art was basically studying human civilization . The history of civilization can not be separated , because basically the art of giving and receiving between nations influence each other . However, to facilitate the study it should be a way of grouping .
Chronologically foreign art history / world can be grouped as follows :

1. Art of the Ancient East
a.  Egyptian art .
b.  Mesopotamian art .
c.  Mediterranean art .

2. Classical European Art .
a. Greek Art
b. Roman art .

3. Medieval art .
a. Period Art Establishment
b. Bright Future Arts .
c. Art setback period .

4. Renaissance Art
a. Renaissance art .
b. Baroque art .
c. Rococo art .

5 . Modern Art .

Experts argue that the modern Western art is basically derived from the Greeks and Romans called the Classical era . Greek culture was brought to Western Europe through Rome .

Developments in science and technology in the early 19th century led to the emergence of a variety of products . This situation is finally changing various aspects of human life , not least in the field of fine arts .

Attention humans tend to things that are material , this led uprising artists . The rebellion of artists manifested in the forms of creativity , so the development of art in the world born in the schools of art menerusakan or oppose each other streams previously

 

1 . Flow Neo - Classical

The outbreak of the French revolution in 1789 , is the end point of the power of feudalism in France whose influence was also to other parts of the world . This revolution is not only the change of the political and social order , but also about the art of life . The artists became free to indulge in the heart of each call , where they work not because of orders , but merely want to paint it.

So thus began the history of modern painting in history characterized by individualization and self-isolation . Jacques Louis David was the scene of the first modern painter . In 1784 , David described the " OATH HORATII " . This painting depicts Horatius , the father who stands in the middle of the room was take the oath three sons are clustered on the left , while his daughter crying on the right .

This painting is not used for pleasure , but rather to educate , instill the awareness of his responsibility to the State . J.L. David is a pioneer of flow Neo -Classical , Neo - Classical paintings which are rational , objective , full of discipline and irregular , and is a classic .

The characteristics of Neo- Classical Painting :

1 . Painting tied to academic intellectual norms .

2 . The shape is always balanced and harmonious .

3 . Color boundaries are clean and static .

4 . Facial expression of supreme calm and memorable .

5 . Contains story palace environment .

6 . Tend to be exaggerated .

 

Prominent successor J.L. David in the Neo - Classical is Auguast JEAN DOMINIQUE INGRES (1780-1867)

 

2 . Romantik flow

 

Romantik stream flow is rebellion against Neo - Classical , where Jean Jacques Rousseau invited back to nature , as a man who not only has the mind but also have feelings and emotions . Romanesque paintings tend to show :It is dealing with the feelings of a person ( highly contested in the flow of Neo - Classical )Exotic , longing for the pastUsed to the feeling of the audience Beauty and good looks are always depicted.

 

The characteristics of Romantic flow as follows :

1 . The painting contains a powerful and emotional story .

2 . Full motion and dynamic .

3 . Color and contrast are festive .

4 . Setting dynamic composition .

5 . Contains bitterness and touching feeling .

6 . Awesomeness exceeds reality
 

Characters include:

1. Eugene Delacroix

2. Theodore Gericault

3. Jean Baptiste

4. Jean Francois Millet

People who actually planted the first rebel and banner of romance is Teodoro Gericault (1791-1824) with his work entitled " RAFT MENDUSA " . Romanticism is derived from French "Roman " ( story ) , so that the flow is always depict a story about the great things or terrible tragedy .

3 . Realism

Realism is a school that sees the world without illusions , they use to find the world's appreciation . Realism is one of the characters named " Courbet " from the French say :

" Show me ANGELS TO ME , THEN I WILL painted it , meaning that he was not going to paint something that was not shown to him ( something that is not real / real ) . Realism always depict what he encountered indiscriminately and without any idealization , distortion or other processing - processing . Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) considers that the painting was essentially concrete art . Courbet 's paintings always show the bitter realities of life like " Painting breaking stones " etc. .

Leaders : Jean Francois Millet and Honore Daumier .

4 . Naturalism flow

Naturalism is the stream flow love and adore nature with all its contents . Adherents of this school attempted to describe the state of nature , in particular of an interesting aspect , so it is always themed paintings Naturalism natural beauty and its contents . Monet is one of the leaders Naturalism painter , but his paintings sometimes approaching realism . Despite approaching Monet painting naturalistic realism , but very different from the paintings of Gustave Courbert as character realism .

Courbert socialistic realism that morality is quite high , while realism tends to paint a beautiful Monet - beautiful and immoral , because Monet principle is " art for the sake of art , not for anything . The painter Naturalism is often dubbed as the landscape painter . Naturalism figures from the UK is Gainsbrough Thomas ( 1727-1788 ) .

The characters include : John Constable , William Hogart , Frans Hall .

5 . Impressionist

When people hear the term Impressionism , then they are usually focused on the association of the paintings are impressive , the paintings are rather vague and not detailed . Claud Monet not figure impressionism , but the flow of impressionism much inspired by Claud Monet discoveries in each of his paintings . A figure of French impressionism named Piere Auguste Renoir ( 1841-1919 ) .

The painter was very fond of painting women , either dressed or naked . Impressionist paintings strongly influenced by weather conditions , because the painting is done outside of the studio . Impressionist paintings usually do not have a clear and visible contours only color effects that make up a particular form .

Characters : Eduard Manet , Claude Monet , Auguste Renoir , Degas Edward and Mary Cassat .

6 . flow Expressionism

In the 1990s , artists began not satisfied with the work that only accentuate the object forms . They started digging things related to the mind , giving rise to the flow of expressionism . Vincent Van Gogh ( 1850) is a milestone in the emergence of the figure expressionism flow and other figures that follow are Paul Cezanne , Paul Gauguin , Emil Nolde and in Indonesia, Affandi . Expressionism is a flow that depicts the actuality that has been distorted in the direction of an atmosphere of sadness , distress or violence .
 

Characters  : Vincent Van Gogh is a pioneer , Paul Klee , Emile Nolde , W . Kandinsky , and Edvard Munch .

7 . Fauvism flow

The name is derived from the study French Fauvism " Les Fauves " , which means wild animals . Fauvism flow greatly cherish freedom of expression , so many paintings made objects in contrast to the original as colored trees or other 0ranye/jingga . The paintings fauvis truly free themselves from the constraints of the previous flow .

Fauvism painters tend to paint what they like without thinking about the content and meaning of a painting is made ​​. Maurice de Vlaminck , a figure that is much inspired by Fauvism color scratches Vincent Van Gogh , to the extent that he said ; Van Gogh I love more than my father .

Among other characters  : Henr y Matisse , Andre Derain , Maurice de Vlaminc .

8 . Cubism flow

Cubism background by Paul Cezanne that mengatakanbahwa concepts form the basis of any form is cylindrical , ball , beam , and all that is in the form influenced by perspective , so the field focused on one central point . Picasso became insfirasi emergence of cubism works , because the geometric patterns used by Picasso .

Cubism Painting promote germetris forms . Figures are very famous cubism of Picasso and Paul Cezanne , but in addition to these two men are still many other distinguished figures such as Juan Gris Cubist adheres etc .

9 . flow Abstractionism

Abstraksionime flow stream that is trying to escape from the sensations or figurative asosiasis an object . Abstraksionis flow differentiated into two general categories .
 

1. Abstract kubistis
 

That is abstract in pure geometric forms like circles and triangles cube. This figure is derived from the Russian Aliraran ie Malivich [ 1913 ]
 

2. Abstract Nonfiguratif

That is abstract in the sense that art should be pure as ugkapan feeling , where the lines represent the lines , colors represent the colors and so on . Natural form abandoned altogether . Characters are Wassily Kadinsky , Naum Goba .

10 . flow Futurist

Futurist flow appeared in Italy in 1909 , as a reaction to Cubism considered full dynamic motion , as it tends to illustrate the theme bustle - bustle like , party procession , war etc. .

The flow figures include:

1. Carlo Carra

2. Buido Severini

3. Umbirto Boccioni

4. F.T Marineti

11 . flow dadaisme
Dadaisme flow is the flow of insurgents before the concept of the concept . This flow mepunyai attitude liberate themselves from the laws that have been enacted art . This flow characteristic cynical , nil and trying meleyapkan illusion . This stream is motivated by the first world war that would not stop .
 

War which gave the impression of unremitting loss of social values ​​of the aesthetic value of the earth , so that there is no aesthetic dadaisme view the artwork .

 

Dadisme figure is :

1. Paul klee ,

2. Scwitters Tritan Tzara ,

3. Janco Maron .

12 . Surrealism flow .

Surreal flow much influenced by the theory of psychological analysis . Sigmund Freud about the unconscious and dreams anatomisme . Surrealism often appear illogical and full of fantasy , as if painted in a dream .

Surreal figures that :

1. Salvador Dali

2. Ernest Maxt

3. Jona Mirod